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Trichoderma species associated with the green mold epidemic of commercially grown Agaricus bisporus

     United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Rm. 304, B-011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, Maryland 20705

Walter Gams

     Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands

Lisa A. Castlebury

     United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Rm. 304, B-011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, Maryland 20705

Orlando Petrini

     Tèra d'Sott 5, CH-6949 Comano, TI, Switzerland

Trichoderma aggressivum sp. nov. and T. aggressivum f. europaeum f. nov. are described. These forms cause the green mold epidemic in commercially grown Agaricus bisporus in North America and Europe, respectively. In the literature they have been reported as T. harzianum biotypes Th 4 and Th 2, respectively. They are strongly separated from their closest relative, T. harzianum, in sequences of the ITS-1 region of nuclear rDNA and an approximately 689 bp fragment of the protein coding translation elongation factor gene (EF-1). They are distinguished from the morphologically similar T. harzianum and T. atroviride (the latter also known as biotype Th 3) most readily by rate of growth. Of these, only T. harzianum grows well and sporulates at 35 C, while T. atroviride is the slowest growing. Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum and f. europaeum are effectively indistinguishable morphologically although they have subtly different growth rates at 25 C on SNA and statistically significant micromorphological differences. Based on findings of this study, descriptions of T. harzianum and T. atroviride are expanded. A key to Trichoderma species commonly found associated with commercially grown A. bisporus is provided.

Key words: green mold disease, Hypocrea, Hypocreales, ITS, systematics, translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene (EF-1), Trichoderma aggressivum, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma harzianum

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