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DNA phylogeny reveals polyphyly of Phoma section Peyronellaea and multiple taxonomic novelties

     ¹ CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
² CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
³ Plant Protection Service, Department of Mycology, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
⁴ Fitopatología - Protección Forestal, Facultad Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
⁵ Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Utrecht

Species of the anamorph genus Phoma are commonly isolated from a wide range of ecological niches. They are notoriously difficult to identify due to the paucity of morphological features, and the plasticity of these when cultivated on agar media. Species linked to Phoma section Peyronellaea are typified by the production of dictyochlamydospores, and thus have additional characters to use in taxon delineation. However, the taxonomy of this section is still not fully understood. Furthermore, the production of such chlamydospores is also known in some other sections of Phoma. To clarify the phylogeny of Phoma taxa that produce dictyochlamydospores, DNA sequences were generated from three loci, namely ITS, actin, and β-tubulin. Results obtained were unable to support section Peyronellaea as a taxonomic entity. Dictyochlamydospore formation appears to be a feature that developed, or was lost, multiple times during the evolution of Phoma. Furthermore, based on the multi-gene analyses obtained, five new Phoma species could be delineated, while a further five required taxonomic revision to be consistent with the genetic variation observed.

Key words: actin, β-tubulin, coelomycetes, dictyochlamydospores, multi-gene phylogeny, taxonomy

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