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Departamento de Fundamentos da Educação, CE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus, CEP 97110 050, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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ABSTRACT |
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Auriporia brasilica sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from southern Brazil. It is characterized by a dimitic hyphal system, the shape and size of cystidia, small basidiospores and large pores. This is the first report of an Auriporia taxon registered from the tropics.
Key words: Auriporia brasilica, Basidiomycetes, brown-rot, Polyporaceae
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INTRODUCTION |
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TOPABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLITERATURE CITED |
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, Teixeira 1994) comprising three species considered rare, with few worldwide reports and restricted to the temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Núñez and Ryvarden 2001, Ryvarden 1991). The genus was described by Ryvarden (1973) with Poria aurea Peck as type. It was characterized by lignicolous, resupinate basidiocarps with a yellowish pore surface; a monomitic hyphal system with clamped, thin to thick-walled generative hyphae; smooth cystidia with short side branches or protuberances, usually apically incrusted; hyaline, oblong ellipsoid basidiospores; and associated to a brown wood rot.
The generic concept later was modified twice. A second species, A. aurulenta, was described by David et al (1974) with some morphologic features not previously recorded from the genus, such as hyphae and cystidia with walls presenting metachromatic reaction in cresyl blue and basidiocarp yellow to orange or embedded by resinous substance changing to red in KOH.
Parmasto (1980) described a third species, A. pileata, and emended the genus for the second time including two new characters—a pileate basidiocarp and allantoid basidiospores. In his work, Parmasto also keyed out Tyromyces inocybe David & Malençon (1978) among Auriporia species; it is a closely related species from the Mediterranean presenting white to cream basidiomes, inocybe-type cystidia and causing a brown rot. However, it was recombined in Oligoporus Bref. by Ryvarden and Gilbertson (1994) because it has a monomitic hyphal system.
Postia amylocystis, described by Dai and Renvall (1994) from northern China, was considered a taxonomic synonym of A. pileata (Núñez and Ryvarden 2001).
Auriporia aurea recently been included in a cladistic analysis using morphologic characters (Kim and Jung 2002) and two phylogenetic molecular analyses (Binder and Hibbet 2002, Kim et al 2003) contributing to the discussion about the evolution of polypores and brown, wood-decaying fungi.
The aim of this work is to describe a new brown, wood-rotting taxon from the neotropics.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS |
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TOPABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLITERATURE CITED |
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) were used in presenting the size variation of microscopic structures: Dm = arithmetical mean of diameter; Lm x Wm = arithmetical means of length and width (from where Q can be calculated, Q = Lm/Wm); Qr = quotient variation from the length/width of each measurement (L/W ratio); Qm = arithmetical mean of Qr; n = x/y, being the number (x) of a microscopic structure measured from a given number (y) of specimens. Numerical color names are from Munsell soil color charts (Munsell 1994). Latin diagnosis is according to Baranov (1971) and Stearn (1992). Specimens have been deposited at Herbário do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (SMDB) with duplicate at BAFC. |
TAXONOMY |
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–7
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HOLOTYPUS. – BRAZIL, RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, Santa Maria, District of Camobi, Morro do Elefante, Cidade dos Meninos, in ramo putrido, 28 Mar 2001, Gilberto Coelho et Vagner Gularte Cortez legit, Gilberto Coelho 287-1, in Herb. SMDB conservatus est (ISOTY PUS BAFC).
Basidiocarp annual, resupinate, up to 32 x 22 mm, with some small pilei originating from effused parts. Pileus up to 14 x 9 x 6 mm, cartilaginous to almost fleshy in consistency, soft and flexible; pilear surface yellow-ochre to brownish-yellow when present, darkening from the base to the margin (10YR, 7/6 to 6/6, yellow to brownish-yellow), velutinous; margin paler than pileus, concolor with the hymenophore, up to 1 mm thick. Hymenophore poroid, golden-yellow (10YR, 7/8, yellow) with whitish hues (10YR, 8/3, pale yellow); pores round to somewhat `, 0.5–1(–2)/mm, (average = 1.17, n = 48/2), dissepiments smooth to velutinous. Tube layer up to 3 mm thick, concolor with the hymenophore. Context ochre to brownishochre, somewhat darker than the pileus surface when fresh, similar when dried. Hyphal system dimitic. Generative hyphae clamped, hyaline, thin to moderately thick-walled, sometimes branched, (1.6–)2–4(–4.8) µm diam in context and trama, Dm = 2.8, n = 68/1. Tramal skeletal hyphae, pale yellow, sinuous, thick-walled, sometimes solid, (1.6–)2–3.6(–4) diam, Dm = 2.6, n = 94/2. Contextual skeletal hyphae similar to the trama, (1.6–)2–5.2(–6.8) µm diam, Dm = 3.3, n = 89/2. Gloeopleurous-hyphae intensely stained with phloxine, clamped, tortuous, mostly present in the context, 2–5.2 µm diam. Basidia clavate, tetraspored, (8.4–)12–18(–21.6) x (2.8–)3.2– 4.4 µm, Lm x Wm = 15.1 x 3.85, Qr = 2.10–6.29, Qm = 3.97, n = 90/3. Basidiospores subcylindrical, with applanated supra-apicular region, hyaline, thin-walled, IKI-, (2.8–)3.2– 4(–4.4) x (1.2–)1.6–1.8(–2) µm, Lm x Wm = 3.5 x 1.67, Qr = 1.59–2.82, Qm = 2.10, n = 120/2. Lamprocystidia thick-walled, fusiform, slightly ventricose, pedicelated, inocybe-type, with an apical incrustation that dissolves in KOH after some minutes, (21.6–)28–44(–52) x (5.2–)6–8.4(–10) µm, Lm x Wm = 36.5 x 7.19, Qr = 3.43–7.83, Qm = 5.16, n = 113/3.
Associated wood-rot: brown.
Substrate.. Found in decayed branch under a living tree of Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc. ("açoita-cavalo"). The latter is likely the original substratum.
Etymology.. From Brazil, where all the specimens were collected.
Specimens examined.. BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul State, Santa Maria, District of Camobi, Morro do Elefante, Cidade dos Meninos, 28 Mar 2001, Gilberto Coelho and Vagner Gularte Cortez, GC 287-1 (HOLOTY PE SMDB) 17 Apr 2001, Gilberto Coelho, GC 290-1 (SMDB). 03 May 2001, Gilberto Coelho, GC 296-3 (SMDB).
Remarks..
The yellow coloration of the basidiocarp, the hyphal width range (2–5 µm), and the presence of incrusted hymenial cystidia are typical generic characters of Auriporia also found in the Brazilian species. However, it differs by these features: basidiospores are smaller than 4 µm (Lm = 3.3, around 5% reaching 4.4 µm in length); the width of basidiospores in A. brasilica (1.2–2 µm) is narrower than those of A. aurea and A. aurulenta (
2 µm) but wider than those of A. pileata (0.8–1.2 µm); pores are usually 0.5–1(–2)/mm (average = 1.17); and hyphal system is dimitic; skeletal hyphae are found only in A. aurea. Differences are summarized (TABLE I).
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). Auriporia aurea grows on coniferous and hardwoods in North America and northern China; A. aurulenta grows on coniferous, rarely on deciduous wood, in Europe south of 50°N. and in eastern Asia, Japan and Korea; A. pileata grows on deciduous wood in eastern Asia, known from northern China, Japan and eastern Russia (Núñez and Ryvarden 2001, Parmasto 1980).
A. aurulenta is known in Europe from Austria, Czechoslovakia, France and Yugoslavia, according to Larralde (1994). This species also was recorded from Switzerland (Breitenbach and Kränzlin 1986) and Italy (Bernicchia 1990). The present report represents an extension of the geographic distribution of the genus Auriporia to subtropical South America.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
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FOOTNOTES |
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1 Corresponding author. E-mail: coelhogb{at}smail.ufsm.br
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LITERATURE CITED |
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