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Systematics

Penzigomyces catalonicus, a new species of hyphomycetes from Spain

     Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA), A.P. 8029, Ciudad de La Habana 10800, Cuba

Josepa Gené ¹
Misericordia Calduch
Josep Guarro

     Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201-Reus, Spain

	ABSTRACT

TOP ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION TAXONOMY KEY TO PENZIGOMYCES SPECIES LITERATURE CITED

 

Penzigomyces catalonicus sp. nov., collected on dead branches of an unknown tree species in Spain, is described and illustrated. This fungus is characterized by short, dark brown, percurrent conidiophores, usually doliiform conidiogenous cells and ellipsoidal or slightly obclavate, (2–)3–4(–6) euseptate, thin-walled conidia. The new taxon is compared with species from other morphologically similar genera, and a key to the known species of Penzigomyces is provided.

Key words: hyphomycetes, Penzigomyces, Spain, Sporidesmium, taxonomy

	INTRODUCTION

TOP ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION TAXONOMY KEY TO PENZIGOMYCES SPECIES LITERATURE CITED

 
An interesting and apparently undescribed dematiaceous hyphomycete belonging to the genus Penzigomyces Subram. was collected during a study of saprobic fungi from plant debris in Catalonia, Spain. The fungus is described as new and illustrated to show diagnostic features.

	TAXONOMY

TOP ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION TAXONOMY KEY TO PENZIGOMYCES SPECIES LITERATURE CITED

 
Penzigomyces catalonicus Mercado, Genéet Guarro, sp. nov. FIGS. 1–4

View larger version (153K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGS. 1–2. Penzigomyces catalonicus IMI 389399 on the natural substrate. 1. Conidiophores and conidia. 2. Conidia.

View larger version (47K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGS. 3–4. Penzigomyces catalonicus IMI 389399. 3. Conidiophores and conidia. 4. Conidia.

Colonies effuse, dark brown or blackish brown, hairy. Mycelium partly immersed in the substrate, composed of smooth-walled, septate, brown hyphae, 3–6 µm diam. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, short, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, unbranched, septate, smooth-walled, dark brown or blackish brown, 40–75 x 10–12 µm, with up to 5 (commonly 2–3) successive proliferations. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal, per-current, doliiform, sometimes clavate, 13–23 x 10–12 µm, brown, smooth-walled. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, dry, smooth and thin-walled, brown to mid brown, ellipsoid or slightly obclavate, (40–)45–60(–65) x (10–)12–14(–15) µm, (2–)3–4(–6) euseptate, usually with a verruculose, gray or pale gray, capitate apical cell and a truncate basal scar 4–6 µm wide.

Specimen examined. – SPAIN. TARRAGONA PROVINCE: Samá Park. From a dead branch of an unidentified tree species, 20 Mar 2002, A. Mercado and J. Gené (HOLOTYPE: IMI 389399, ISOTY PE: FMR 7921)

Etymology. – Referring to Catalonia, the Spanish region where the fungus was collected.

Known distribution. – Spain.

Habitat. – Saprobic on plants.

The genus Penzigomyces was based on species segregated from Sporidesmium Link and characterized by euseptate conidia and conidiophores with doliiform, lageniform or nodose percurrent proliferations (Subramanian 1992). Penzigomyces catalonicus is similar to three other Penzigomyces species: P. coffeicola (M.B. Ellis) Subram., P. cookei (S. Hughes) Subram. and P. doliiformis (Minter & Hol.-Jech.) Subram. However, the new taxon differs mainly by the morphology of the conidiogenous apparatus and in features of the conidia. Penzigomyces coffeicola has conidiophores with up to 3 cylindrical or lageniform proliferations and obpyriform, 2–3 septate conidia, measuring 15–21 x 6–8 µm (Ellis 1976). Penzigomyces cookei has longer conidiophores (up to 200 µm long) with 0–3 lageniform proliferations and obturbinate or obpyriform, 2–3 septate conidia, 17–25 x 7–10 µm in size (Ellis 1958, Mercado Sierra 1984, McKenzie 1995). The conidia of P. doliiformis are ellipsoidal to clavate, up to 5 septate, measuring 25–38 x 9.5–13 µm, and conidiophores can reach 200 µm in length (Minter & Holubová-Jechová 1981), although Kirk (1985) described shorter conidia (18–32 x 10–14 µm) with fewer septa (1–3).

Other species somewhat similar to P. catalonicus are Imicles bambusae (M.B. Ellis) Shoemaker & Hambl. and Sporidesmium pseudolmediae R. F. Castañeda. However, I. bambusae differs mainly by having longer (55–104 µm) and often rostrate conidia with 8–11 distosepta (Ellis 1965, Hernández and Sutton 1997, Shoemaker and Hambleton 2001). Sporidesmium pseudolmediae has smaller (16–29 x 8.5–12 µm), 2–5 septate, obclavate conidia with a subhyaline apical cell, and its conidiophores can be 275 µm long producing lageniform or doliiform proliferations (Castañeda 1984). This species could be accommodated in Penzigomyces, but a more extensive study of the type material should be done.

The diagnostic morphological features of the currently recognized species of Penzigomyces are keyed out below.

	KEY TO PENZIGOMYCES SPECIES

TOP ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION TAXONOMY KEY TO PENZIGOMYCES SPECIES LITERATURE CITED

 

1. Conidiophores up to 120 µm long 2 1. Conidiophores longer 7     2. Conidia in part verruculose 3     2. Conidia entirely smooth 5 3. Conidia 9–11 septate, 90–120 x 11–15 µm, obclavate, rostrate and hamate. Conidiophores with up to 3 ampulliform proliferations P. hamatus (Ellis 1976) 3. Conidia with fewer septa and up to 65 µm long 4     4. Conidia rostrate, obclavate with an acute apex, 7.5–10 µm wide, 3–4 septate often with verruculose lower cells P. acutisporus (Ellis 1958)     4. Conidia not rostrate, but ellipsoidal or slightly obclavate, 10–15 µm wide, 2–6 septate, often with a capitate and verruculose apical cell P. catalonicus 5. Conidia with more than 7 transverse septa, fusiform to obclavate, 40–65 x 11–16 µm. Conidiophores with 0–6 ampulliform proliferations P. australiensis (Ellis 1976) 5. Conidia with fewer than 7 transverse septa 6     6. Conidia fusiform or cylindrical, 27–70 x 6–8.5 µm, 3–5 septate. Conidiophores 70–90 µm long, with obclavate proliferations P. coprophilus (Matsushima 1975)     6. Conidia obpyriform, 15–21 x 6–8 µm, 2–3 septate. Conidiophores up to 80 µm long, with cylindrical or lageniform proliferations P. coffeicola (Ellis 1976) 7. Conidia often with verruculose lower cells 8 7. Conidia always smooth 10     8. Conidiophores 70–150 µm long, with 0–4 doliiform proliferations. Conidia obclavate, rostrate, 40–54 x 11–12 µm P. bicolor (Hughes 1953)     8. Conidiophores with lageniform proliferations 9 9. Conidia 2–3 septate, obturbinate or obpyriform, 17–25 x 7–10 µm. Conidiophores 70–200 µm long P. cookei (Ellis 1958) 9. Conidia 4–8 septate, obclavate, rostrate, 55–105 x 10–11 µm. Conidiophores 50–280 µm long P. flagellatus (Hughes 1953)     10. Conidia 1–5 septate, ellipsoidal to clavate, 18–38 x 9.5–14 µm. Conidiophores with up to 5 doliiform proliferations P. doliiformis (Minter & Holubová-Jechová 1981, Kirk 1985)     10. Conidia and conidiophores otherwise 11 11. Conidia 2–septate, obovoid; 17.5–24 x 8–10 µm. Conidiophores with 0–2 obclavate proliferations P. obovatus (Matsushima 1975) 11. Conidia with more than 2 septa, obclavate. Conidiophores with lageniform proliferations 12     12. Conidia 3–4 septate, up to 30 µm long. Conidiophores up to 160 µm long, with 1–2 lageniform proliferations P. parvus (Hughes 1953)     12. Conidia with more septa and larger 13 13. Conidia with up to 13 septate, 36–67 x 6.5–8 µm. Conidiophores up to 250 µm long, with up to 16 lageniform proliferations P. nodipes (Ellis 1976) 13. Conidia 5–8 septate, 50–80 x 7–10 µm. Conidiophores 40–140 µm long, with 0–2 lageniform proliferations P. uapacae (Ellis 1958)

	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

 
The authors are grateful to E. Descals (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB, Esporles, Mallorca, Spain) for the presubmission review of the manuscript. This work was supported by CICYT (Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Spain) grant REN 2000-1521 and by the Darwin Initiative (U.K.).

	FOOTNOTES

 
Accepted for publication August 26, 2003.

¹ Corresponding author. E-mail: jgd{at}fmcs.urv.es

	LITERATURE CITED

TOP ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION TAXONOMY KEY TO PENZIGOMYCES SPECIES LITERATURE CITED

 
Castañeda Ruíz RF. 1984. Nuevos táxones de Deuteromycotina: Arnoldiella robusta gen. et sp. nov., Roigiella lignicola gen. et sp. nov., Sporidesmium pseudolmediae sp. nov. y Thozetella havanensis sp. nov. Revista del Jardín Botánico Nacional 5:57–87.

Ellis MB. 1958. Clasterosporium and some allied dematiaceae-phragmosporae. I. Mycol Pap 70:1–89.

Ellis MB. 1965. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. VI. Mycol. Pap. 103:1–46.

Ellis MB. 1976. More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Kew, England: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 507 p.

Hernández Gutiérrez A, Sutton BC. 1997. Imimyces and Linkosia, two new genera segregated from Sporidesmium sensu lato, and redescription of Polydesmus. Mycol Res 101:201–209.

Hughes SJ. 1953. Fungi from the Gold Coast. II. Mycol. Pap. 50:1–104.

Kirk PM. 1985. New or interesting microfungi XIV. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Mt. Kenya. Mycotaxon 23: 301–352.

Matsushima T. 1975. Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. 209 p.

McKenzie EHC. 1995. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes on Pandanaceae. 5. Sporidesmium sensu lato. Mycotaxon 56:9–29.

Mercado Sierra A. 1984. Hifomicetes demaciáceos de Sierra del Rosario, Cuba. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial Academia. 181 p.

Minter DW, Holubová-Jechová V. 1981. New or interesting hyphomycetes on decaying litter from Czechoslovakia. Folia Geobot Phytotax Praha 16:195–217.

Shoemaker RA, Hambleton S. 2001. "Helminthosporium" asterinum, Polysedmus elegans, Imimyces, and allies. Can. J. Bot. 79:592–599.

Subramanian CV. 1992. A reassessment of Sporidesmium (hyphomycetes) and some related genera. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad Part B 58:179–190.

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