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Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
Jack D. Rogers
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
Huei-Mei Hsieh
Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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ABSTRACT |
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 TOP ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLIST OF HYPOXYLON NAMES...ANNOTATIONS ON NAMES ASSOCIATED...LITERATURE CITED |
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These new species of Hypoxylon are described: H. elevatidiscus, H. squamulosum, H. subalbum and H. vinosopulvinatum. A referenced list of all Hypoxylon species known to us described since 1996 is given and a key presented. Names associated with Hypoxylon that were not given in the Ju and Rogers monograph are annotated and diagnostic corrections of taxa discussed in that monograph are given.
Key words: Nodulisporium, systematics, Xylariaceae
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INTRODUCTION |
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TOPABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLIST OF HYPOXYLON NAMES...ANNOTATIONS ON NAMES ASSOCIATED...LITERATURE CITED |
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MATERIALS AND METHODS |
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TOPABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLIST OF HYPOXYLON NAMES...ANNOTATIONS ON NAMES ASSOCIATED...LITERATURE CITED |
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. Hyphal tips emerging from the stromatal contents were cut and transferred to fresh media. Therefore, the isolates obtained presumably originated from multiple ascospores. These isolates were cultured on 2% Difco oatmeal agar (OMA) and incubated at 25 C under 12 h fluorescent light. Material mounted in water was observed by brightfield (BF) and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. The numbers of ascospores, conidia, perithecia, asci and conidiophores that were measured for size in the descriptions are respectively 20, 10, 5, 5 and 5. Types of ostiolar disks and branching patterns of conidiogenous structures given in the descriptions are as defined in Ju and Rogers (1996). The stromatal size ranges were based on all available stromata in a given specimen. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done on material that was critical-point dried and coated with gold. The color designations are from Rayner (1970). Cultures were deposited in the Culture Collection and Research Center (CCRC) in Taiwan. |
TAXONOMY |
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TOPABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLIST OF HYPOXYLON NAMES...ANNOTATIONS ON NAMES ASSOCIATED...LITERATURE CITED |
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A omnibus speciebus Hypoxyli differt in disco ostiolii convexo super annulum.
It differs from all other Hypoxylon species in the convex ostiolar disk above its rim.
Stromata effused-pulvinate, up to 7 cm long x 2–5 cm broad x 1 mm thick, with perithecial mounds 
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exposed; surface dull black; dark brown to blackish granules immediately beneath surface, with KOH-extractable pigments Greenish Olivaceous (90); tissue between perithecia dark brown, woody, with carbonaceous tissue encasing each perithecium; tissue below perithecial layer ca 0.5 mm thick, dark brown, woody. Perithecia spherical, 0.4–0.5 mm diam. Ostioles higher than stromatal surface, with ostiolar openings slightly papillate, encircled with a convex truncatum-type disk, 0.2–0.3 mm diam. Asci cylindrical, with eight ascospores arranged in uniseriate manner, 110–130 µm total length x 4.5–5 µm broad, the spore-bearing parts 65–80 µm long, the stipes 45–60 µm long, with apical ring faintly bluing at base or not bluing in Melzer's iodine reagent, discoid, 0.5 µm high x 2 µm broad. Ascospores light brown to brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 8–10 x 3.5–4.5 µm, with straight germ-slit spore length on convex side; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth, with a thickened area visible at the position of ca ascospore length on the same side as the germ slit; epispore smooth.
Culture and anamorph. Colonies on OMA reaching the edge of Petri dish in 3 wk, whitish, velvety, with diffuse margins, becoming Honey (64) to Hazel (88), zonate. Reverse Greenish Olivaceous (90), becoming Umber (9). Sporulating regions scattered over entire surface of colony, sparse, Honey (64). Conidiogenous structure with nodulisporium-like branching pattern. Conidiophores pale brown, roughened, dichotomously branched, sometimes with additional branches arising from the first level of conidiogenous regions, 3–3.5 µm diam, with 3–6 conidiogenous cells arising from each terminus. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, hyaline, smooth or finely roughened, 6–15 x 2–3 µm, bearing one to several poroid conidial secession scars on apical region. Conidia produced holoblastically in sympodial sequence, hyaline, smooth, obovate to ellipsoid, 4–5.5 x 2–3 µm, with flattened base indicating former point of attachment to conidiogenous cell.
Specimen examined. TAIWAN. TAIWAN PROVINCE: Taitung County, Lan-yuh, on decorticated wood, 7 Aug 2001, Ju, Y.-M. & Hsieh, H.-M. 90080706 (CULTURED) (HOLOTYPE HAST, ISOTYPE WSP).
Commentary. Hypoxylon elevatidiscus posseses ostiolar disks, a carbonaceous stromatal layer discretely enclosing each perithecium, a thickening on the ascospore perispore and thus is placed in section Annulata of Hypoxylon. After gradually displacing the overlying stromatal tissue, the ostiolar disks bulge, become convex and leave the disk rims lower than the convex disk surfaces. In other taxa of Section Annulata, the disks are below the rims. It is by this characteristic that H. elevatidiscus differs from the other taxa of section Annulata.
Etymology. Refers to the rough stromatal surfaces.
A Hypoxylo nitenti differt in dimensionibus ascosporarum et a Hypoxylo purpureonitenti in dimensionibus ascosporarum et in colore pigmenti stromatis in KOH dissoluto.
It differs from Hypoxylon nitens in ascospore dimensions and from Hypoxylon purpureonitens in ascospore dimensions and color of stromatal pigment in KOH.
Stromata effused-pulvinate, 2–6 cm long x 1.5–4.5 cm broad x ca. 0.6 mm thick, with perithecial mounds inconspicuous to exposed; surface dull black, with outermost layer cracked reticulately; blackish granules immediately beneath surface, with KOH-extractable pigments Dull Green (70); tissue between perithecia dark brown, woody, with carbonaceous tissue encasing each individual perithecium; tissue below perithecial layer inconspicuous. Perithecia spherical, 0.4–0.5 mm diam. Ostioles higher than stromatal surface, with ostiolar openings slightly papillate, encircled with a bovei-type disk, 0.1–0.2 mm diam. Asci cylindrical, with eight ascospores arranged in uniseriate manner, 90–105 µm total length x 4.5–5.5 µm broad, the spore-bearing parts 60–70 µm long, the stipes 25–40 µm long, with apical ring bluing in Melzer's iodine reagent, discoid, 0.5 µm high x 2 µm broad. Ascospores light brown to brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, (6.5–)7–8.5 x 3–4 µm, with straight germ slit spore-length on convex side; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth, with a thickened area visible at the position of ca ascospore length on the same side as the germ slit; epispore smooth.
Culture and anamorph. Colonies on OMA reaching the edge of Petri dish in 2.5 wk, whitish, velvety, with diffuse margins, becoming Amber (47), Citrine (13) or Fawn (87) in places, azonate. Reverse Citrine (13). Sporulating regions in Pale Mouse Gray (117) to Smoke Gray (105) patches. Conidiogenous structure with nodulisporium-like branching pattern. Conidiophores hyaline to yellowish, roughened, dichotomously branched, 2–3 µm diam, with 2–5 conidiogenous cells arising from each terminus. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, hyaline, smooth or finely roughened, 10–20 x 2–3 µm, bearing one to several poroid conidial secession scars on apical region. Conidia produced holoblastically in sympodial sequence, hyaline, smooth, ellipsoid, 4–6 x 2–2.5 µm, with flattened base indicating former point of attachment to conidiogenous cell.
Specimen examined. TAIWAN. TAIWAN PROVINCE: I-lan County, Fu-shan, on dead wood, 19 Aug 2001, Ju, Y.-M. & Hsieh, H.-M. 90081905 (CULTURED) (HOLOTYPE HAST, ISOTYPE WSP).
Commentary.
Hypoxylon squamulosum, like H. elevatidiscus, also has the typical features of Section Annulata. This fungus is characterized by the outermost stromatal layer cracking into fine scales. Hypoxylon nitens (Ces.) Y.-M. Ju & J. D. Rogers and H. pupureonitens Y.-M. Ju & J. D. Rogers have only the outermost stromatal layer on the upper – of perithecial mounds cracking into fragments which are eventually worn off to expose the underlying shiny stromatal tissue.
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A omnibus speciebus Hypoxyli sectionis Hypoxyli cum stromatibus albis differt in dimentionibus ascosporarum aut ornamento perisporiorum aut longitudine ascosporarum rimarum germinativorum aut ostiolis nigris.
It differs from all species of Hypoxylon of section Hypoxylon with white stromata in dimensions of ascospores or in ornamentation of perispores or in length of ascospore germ slits or in black ostioles.
Stromata pulvinate, 2–4 mm diam x 1–2 mm thick, with perithecial mounds almost obscure; surface dull white with black ostiolar areas; black immediately beneath surface and between perithecia, devoid of KOH-extractable pigments; tissue below perithecial layer inconspicuous. Perithecia spherical, up to 0.5 mm diam. Ostioles lower than stromatal surface, with ostiolar openings umbilicate, inconspicuous. Asci not seen. Ascospores dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly to broadly rounded ends, 11–12 x 6–6.5 µm, with straight germ slit much less than spore-length; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, with very conspicuous coil-like ornamentation; epispore smooth. Anamorph unknown.
Specimen examined. COSTA RICA. Area de Conservacion Tempisque, Parque Nacional Barra Honda, Estación Barra Honda, Sendero a la Caverna Terciopelo, on wood, 6 Mar 2001, Oses, M. 1378 (HOLOTYPE INB 3438349).
Commentary. Hypoxylon subalbum is a distinctive species that differs from all other taxa with white surfaces in its combination of black ostiolar areas, dehiscent perispore with conspicuous coil-like ornamentation, ascospores with a short germ slit, and the lack of stromatal pigment in KOH. Unfortunately, ascospores did not germinate and, thus, cultures are unavailable.
Etymology. Refers to the pulvinate stromata with vinaceous surfaces.
A omnibus speciebus Hypoxyli sectionis Hypoxyli cum colore pigmenti stromatis in KOH dissoluto flavido vel viridi differt in statu imperfecto generis Periconiellae
It differs from all species of Hypoxylon section Hypoxylon with stromatal pigments in KOH yellowish or greenish in the imperfect state of Periconiella.
Stromata pulvinate, 10–20 mm diam x 0.3–0.4 mm thick, discrete or confluent, with conspicuous perithecial mounds; surface Brown Vinaceous (84); dull purplish-brown granules immediately beneath surface and between perithecia, with KOH-extractable pigments Amber (47) to Luteous (12); tissue below perithecial layer inconspicuous. Perithecia obovate, 0.1–0.2 mm diam x 0.2–0.3 mm high. Ostioles lower than stromatal surface, with ostiolar openings umbilicate, often overlain with white substance. Asci cylindrical, with eight ascospores arranged in uniseriate manner, 120–145 µm total length x 6.5–7.5 µm broad, the spore-bearing parts 70–80 µm long, the stipes 45–65 µm long, with apical ring bluing in Melzer's iodine reagent, discoid, 1.5 µm high x 3 µm broad. Ascospores dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 11–13 x 5–6 µm, with straight germ slit spore-length on convex side; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth, thin; epispore smooth.
Culture and anamorph. Colonies on OMA reaching the edge of Petri dish in 3 wk, whitish, felty, with fimbriate margins, becoming Hazel (88) to Fawn (87) in places, azonate. Reverse uncolored. Sporulating regions scattered over entire surface of colony, Fawn (87). Conidiogenous structure with periconiella-like branching pattern. Conidiophores pale brown, finely roughened, composed of a main axis, 3–4 µm broad, and sometimes one or more major branches, branches mostly terminating with 2–4 conidiogenous cells arising in whorls from the main axis and/or from major branches. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, hyaline, smooth or finely roughened, 8–15 x 2.5–3.5 µm, bearing one to several poroid conidial secession scars on apical region. Conidia produced holoblastically in sympodial sequence, hyaline, smooth, obovate to ellipsoid, 5.5–7 x 3–4 µm, with flattened base indicating former point of attachment to conidiogenous cell.
Specimens examined. TAIWAN. TAIWAN PROVINCE: Taitung County, Lan-yuh, on decorticated wood, 7 Aug 2001, Ju, Y.-M. & Hsieh, H.-M. 90080707 (CULTURED) (HOLOTYPE HAST, ISOTYPE WSP); Lan-yuh, on decorticated wood, 31 Oct 2001, Ju, Y.-M. & Hsieh, H.-M. 90103105 (HAST) . Ping-tung County, Heng-chun, Kong-ko, on dead wood, 24 Aug 1988, Ju, Y.-M. 77082404 (CULTURED) (JDR).
Commentary.
This fungus can be accommodated readily in section Hypoxylon. It is characterized by a brown vinaceous stromatal surface, dull waxy stromatal tissue immediately beneath the surface and between perithecia, yellow to yellowish orange KOH-extractable stromatal pigments, fairly small perithecia, and a periconiella-like conidiogenous structure. The collection Ju 77082404, discussed in Ju and Rogers (1996 [under the notes of H. anthochroum Berk. & Broome], 1999 [as H. sp.]), is H. vinosopulvinatum; however, it was unsuitable for a type designation because of its small quantity. Among the taxa of section Hypoxylon that yield yellowish or greenish stromatal pigments, Hypoxylon vinosopulvinatum resembles H. anthochroum, H. fuscum (Pers. : Fr.) Fr., H. macrocarpum Pouzar, and H. perforatum (Schwein. : Fr.) Fr. but differs in having a periconiella-like conidiogenous structure. The conidiogenous structure of H. anthochroum is nodulisporium-like and those of the other species are virgariella-like. In addition, the present fungus differs from H. fuscum in having pulvinate rather than usually hemispherical stromata; from H. anthochroum and H. macrocarpum in having smaller perithecia and yellow pigments in KOH; and from H. perforatum in not having ostiolar openings overlain with conspicuous white substance.
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LIST OF HYPOXYLON NAMES PUBLISHED AFTER 1996 AND KEY TO THE ACCEPTED SPECIES |
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TOPABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLIST OF HYPOXYLON NAMES...ANNOTATIONS ON NAMES ASSOCIATED...LITERATURE CITED |
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. They are listed alphabetically below. A dichotomous key is provided for the accepted species. These accepted species already have been integrated into the computerized synoptic key to all species of the genus Hypoxylon at http://mycology.sinicaedu.tw/Xylariaceae/genusHypoxylon.asp Hypoxylon duriloculosum Van der Gucht, Y.-M. Ju, & J. D. Rogers, Mycologia 89: 503. 1997.
Hypoxylon fuhreri G. J. D. Smith, K. D. Hyde & A. J. S. Whalley, Fungal Biodiversity 3: 148. 1999.
Hypoxylon gombakense M. A. Whalley, Y.-M. Ju, J. D. Rogers, & A. J. S. Whalley, Mycotaxon 74: 137. 2000.
Hypoxylon ilanense Y.-M. Ju & J. D. Rogers, Mycotaxon 73: 371. 1999.
Hypoxylon liviae Granmo, Sydowia 54: 45. 2001.
Hypoxylon mandagense Van der Gucht, Y.-M. Ju, & J. D. Rogers, Mycologia 89: 504. 1997.
Hypoxylon massulatum L. Vasilyeva, Plantae Non Vasculares, Fungi et Bryopsidae Orientis Extremi Rossica Fungi 4. Pyrenomycetidae et Loculoascomycetidae, p. 182. 1998.
RUSSIA. PRIMORSKY TERRITORY: Reserve Kedrovaya Pad, on twigs of Alnus hirsuta, 10 Oct 1987, Vasilyeva, L. (HOLOTYPE VLA).
A synonym of H. howeianum Peck.
Hypoxylon olliforme San Martín, P. Lavín & Portugal-Portugal, Mycotaxon 72: 159. 1999.
Hypoxylon pastillistomum L. Vasilyeva, Plantae Non Vasculares, Fungi et Bryopsidae Orientis Extremi Rossica Fungi 4. Pyrenomycetidae et Loculoascomycetidae, p. 193. 1998.
RUSSIA. PRIMORSKY TERRITORY: vicinity of Tigrovy, on dead twigs, 1 Oct 1993, Vasilyeva, L. (HOLOTYPE VLA).
The holotype material in fact is composed of two fungi: One is a depauperate Hypoxylon, and one is a minute microthyrialean fungus covering the surface of the Hypoxylon and apparently considered as its ostioles by the naming author. This name is considered a nomen confusum.
Hypoxylon porphyreum Granmo, Sommerfeltia 26: 58. 1999.
This fungus belongs to the H. fuscum complex and, in fact, previously had been considered to be that species (see Granmo 1999). Granmo (1999) separated this fungus from typical material of H. fuscum mainly on stromatal pigments. He also mentioned a thickening on the perispore, a feature commonly found in section Annulata but rarely in section Hypoxylon.
Hypoxylon pseudoillitum L. Vasilyeva, Plantae Non Vasculares, Fungi et Bryopsidae Orientis Extremi Rossica Fungi 4. Pyrenomycetidae et Loculoascomycetidae, p. 190. 1998.
RUSSIA. PRIMORSKY TERRITORY: Reserve Lazovsky, on decorticated wood, 26 Jul 1986, Vasilyeva, L. (HOLOTYPE VLA).
A synonym of Nemania illita (Schwein.) Pouzar.
Hypoxylon rugulosporum van der Gucht, Y.-M. Ju, & J. D. Rogers, Mycologia 89: 506. 1997.
Hypoxylon salicicola Granmo, Sommerfeltia 26: 65. 1999.
Hypoxylon shearii var. minor San Martín, Y.-M. Ju & J. D. Rogers, Acta Botanica Mexicana 47: 46. 1999.
Hypoxylon texcalense San Martín, Portugal-Portugal & P. Lavín, in San Martín, P. Lavín & Portugal-Portugal, Mycotaxon 72: 160. 1999.
Hypoxylon ulmophilum L. Vasilyeva, Plantae Non Vasculares, Fungi et Bryopsidae Orientis Extremi Rossica Fungi 4. Pyrenomycetidae et Loculoascomycetidae, p. 185. 1998.
RUSSIA. PRIMORSKY TERRITORY: Reserve Kedrovaya Pad, on twigs of Ulmus, 17 Oct 1987, Vasilyeva, L. (HOLOTYPE VLA).
This material generally fits H. notatum Berk. & M. A. Curtis, which is characterized by glomerate stromata and highly reduced or absent ascal apical rings. We unfortunately were unable to find asci in the material to assess their apical ring morphology.
Hypoxylon vandervekenii van der Gucht, Y.-M. Ju, & J. D. Rogers, Mycologia 89: 506. 1997.
1. Ostiolar openings annulate . . . . . 2
1. Ostiolar openings umbilicate . . . . . 5
2. Stromata associated with bamboo, with KOH-extractable pigments olivaceous; perithecia 0.7–0.9 mm diam; ostiolar disks 0.2 mm diam; ascospores brown to dark brown, 13–15 x 5–6 µm . . . . . H. gombakense
2. Stromata associated with dicots; perithecia 0.4–0.6 mm diam; ascospores light brown to brown, smaller . . . . . 3
3. Stromata with KOH-extractable pigments brick-colored; ostiolar disks indistinct to distinct, 0.1 mm diam; ascospores 5.5–6 x 2.5–3 µm . . . . . H. ilanense
3. Stromata with KOH-extractable pigments greenish or olivaceous; ostiolar disks distinct; ascospores larger . . . . . 4
4. Stromata with a continuous outermost layer; ostiolar disks convex, raised above the rim, 0.2–0.3 mm diam; ascal apical ring faintly bluing or not bluing in Melzer's iodine reagent; ascospores 8–10 x 3.5–4.5 µm . . . . . H. elevatidiscus
4. Stromata with a reticulately cracked outermost layer; ostiolar disks flattened, not raised above the rim, 0.1–0.2 mm diam; ascal apical ring bluing in Melzer's iodine reagent; ascospores (6.5–)7–8.5 x 3–4 µm . . . . . H. squamulosum
5. Stromata whitish on surface, lacking KOH-extractable pigments; ascospores 11–12 x 6–6.5 µm; perispore dehiscent, with conspicuous coil-like ornamentation . . . . . H. subalbum
5. Stromata other than whitish on surface, with KOH-extractable pigments; perispore, when dehiscent, smooth or with inconspicuous coil-like ornatmentation . . . . . 6
6. Stromatal pigments in KOH grayish purple to purple . . . . . 7
6. Stromatal pigments in KOH green, olivaceous, yellow, orange, or brownish orange . . . . . 9
7. Ascospores wrinkled, 12–16 x 5–7.5 µm; perispore indehiscent in KOH . . . . . H. rugulosum
7. Ascospores smooth; perispore dehiscent in KOH . . . . . 8
8. Stromata pulvinate, olivaceous on surface; ascospores 11–14 x 5–6.5 µm . . . . . H. vandervekenii
8. Stromata glomerate to pulvinate, pinkish on surface; ascospores 17–24 x 6.5–9.5 µm . . . . . H. texcalense
9. Stromatal KOH-extractable pigments olivaceous to green . . . . . 10
9. Stromatal KOH-extractable pigments yellow, orange to brownish orange . . . . . 12
10. Stromata cinnamon on surface; ascospores 12–18 x 6–7.5 µm, with a germ slit less than spore-length; perispore indehiscent in KOH . . . . . H. madangense
10. Stromata reddish brown to vinaceous brown on surface; ascospores with a germ slit spore-length or nearly so; perispore dehiscent in KOH . . . . . 11
11. Stromata effused-pulvinate; ascospores 14–22 x 6.5–9 µm . . . . . H. duriloculatum
11. Stromata glomerate to pulvinate; ascospores (9–)10–13.5 x 4–5 µm . . . . . H. porphyreum
12. Ascospores slightly inequilateral to nearly equilateral . . . . . 13
12. Ascospores conspicuously inequilateral . . . . . 14
13. Stromatal surface dark brown, often dusted with whitish powdery substance; ascospores (9)9.5–12.5 x 4.8–6 µm . . . . . H. liviae
13. Stromatal surface rusty brown; ascospores (6–)7–10 x 3–4.5 µm . . . . . H. salicicola
14. Stromatal surface reddish brown to vinaceous brown . . . . . 15
14. Stromatal surface in different colors . . . . . 16
15. Stromata rosellinioid; ascospores 10.5–12 x 4.5–5 µm . . . . . H. olliforme
15. Stromata hypoxyloid; ascospores 11–13 x 5–6 µm . . . . . H. vinosopulvinatum
16. Stromata glomerate to pulvinate, buff-colored on surface; ascospores (6.5–)7–8 x (3–)3.5–4 µm . . . . . H. shearii var. minor
16. Stromata effused-pulvinate, olivaceous on surface; ascospores 11–13.5 x 5–7 µm . . . . . H. fuhreri
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ANNOTATIONS ON NAMES ASSOCIATED WITH OR RELATED TO HYPOXYLON |
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TOPABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLIST OF HYPOXYLON NAMES...ANNOTATIONS ON NAMES ASSOCIATED...LITERATURE CITED |
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. The list also contains some taxa with characteristics that need to be clarified or corrected. alnicolum (Hypoxylon) Lar. N. Vasilyeva, Systematic and floristic Investigations of Cryptogamic Plants of Far East, p. 10. 1984.
RUSSIA. KAMCHATKA PENINSULA: reserve Kronotsky Coast, on wood of Alnus kamtschatica, 22 Jul 1981, Vasilyeva, L. N. (HOLOTYPE VLA).
A synonym of H. multiforme (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. var. alaskense Y.-M. Ju & J. D. Rogers.
bovei (Hypoxylon) Speg., Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 11: 201. 1887.
The fully mature stromata usually lack KOH-extractable pigments. However, purplish pigments can be detected in younger stromata.
chionostomum (Hypoxylon) Speg., Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 11: 506. 1889.
Ju and Rogers (1996) erroneously listed Anthostoma chionostoma Speg. as a nomenclatural synonym of this name. They, in fact, have different type specimens and are unrelated.
decipiens (Ustulina) Rehm, ined.
PHILIPPINES. LUZON: Los Baños, on rotten log, 5 Sep 1913, Raimundo, M. B. 1673, as Ustulina decipiens Rehm n. sp. (S).
Ustulina decipiens is an unpublished name. The specimen labeled with this name at S is H. nicaraguense Ellis & Everh.
julianii (Hypoxylon) L. E. Petrini apud L. E. Petrini & Müller, Mycol. Helv.1: 525. 1986.
The ascospore perispore of this species is given by Ju & Rogers (1996) as dehiscent in KOH. In some collections the perispore is extremely thin and difficult to observe.
minutellum (Hypoxylon) Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 8: 37. 1910.
PHILIPPINES. LUZON: Province Benguet, Panai, on wood, Jun 1909, McGregor, R. C. 8721 (TYPE GZU-Petrak).
A synonym of H. cohaerens (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. var. microsporum J. D. Rogers & Cand.
multiforme (Hypoxylon) (Fr. : Fr.) Fr., Summa Veg. Scand. II, p. 384. 1849.
The KOH-extractable stromatal pigments of this fungus was recorded as Olivaceous (48) or Greenish Olivaceous (90) by Ju and Rogers (1996). It should be noted that Sienna (8) to Apricot (42) pigments are in fact more commonly detected in recently or freshly collected material.
placentiformis (Ustulina) Rehm, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 6: 2207. 1914.
PHILIPPINES. LUZON: Mount Makiling, near Los Baños, on rotten log, 24 May 1913, Raimundo, M. B. 1184 (SYNTYPE S).
The syntype located at the Rehm herbarium of S only contains sterile material of a Hypoxylon species.
placentiformis (Ustulina) Rehm var. magnifica Rehm, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 6: 2207. 1914.
PHILIPPINES. LUZON: Mount Makiling, near Los Baños, on rotten log, 10 Dec 1913, Baker, C. F. 2133 (HOLOTYPE S).
A synonym of H. symphyon Möller.
stilbophora (Kretzschmaria) Rehm, Ann. Mycol. 5: 526. 1907.
BRAZIL. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: São Leopoldo, on wood, Rick, J. (HOLOTYPE S, ISOTYPE K).
A synonym of H. lenormandii Berk. & M. A. Curtis.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
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FOOTNOTES |
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Accepted for publication May 23, 2003.
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LITERATURE CITED |
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TOPABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSTAXONOMYLIST OF HYPOXYLON NAMES...ANNOTATIONS ON NAMES ASSOCIATED...LITERATURE CITED |
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Ju Y-M, Rogers JD., 1996 A revision of the genus Hypoxylon. Mycologia Memoir No. 20. St. Paul: APS Press. 365 p
———, ———. 1999 The Xylariaceae of Taiwan (excluding Anthostomella). Mycotaxon 73:343-440
Kenerley CM, Rogers JD., 1976 On Hypoxylon serpens in culture. Mycologia 68:688-691
Rayner RW., 1970 A mycological colour chart. Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 34 p + charts I & II
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