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Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, KM 3 BR 116, 44031-460, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
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ABSTRACT |
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 TOP ABSTRACT LITERATURE CITED |
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The genus Beltraniella Subramanian is characterized by setiform conidiophores with radially lobed basal cells, separating cells and lageniform conidia with the distal free end truncate, proximal end rostrate, with a subhyaline transverse band at equatorial zone. Beltraniella porosa and Beltraniella patilii are two species that show characteristics distinct from Beltraniella: They have sterile lateral setae arising at the conidiogenous apparatus and several equatorial pores in place of the continuous band. A new genus, Porobeltraniella, is described to accommodate them.
Key words: Beltrania complex, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, mitosporic fungi
Saccardo (1886)
created the tribe Beltraniae within the didymosporous Dematieae Fr. to accommodate a single genus Beltrania Penzig, represented by two species B. rhombica Penzig and B. querna Harkness. The family Dematieae was corrected in Saccardo (1899) to Dematiaceae Fr. The tribe primarily was based on a gross character of spore septation. The conidia of the Beltraniae are erroneous described 1-septate by Saccardo (1886) and other authors (Hennings 1902, Höhnel 1911, Arnold 1953).
In 1963 Pirozynski beautifully illustrated and described some taxa in the Beltrania complex, incluing Beltrania, Beltraniella Subramanian (= Ellisiopsis Batista & Nascimento), Beltraniopsis Batista & Bezerra, Pseudobeltrania Hennings, Hemibeltrania Pirozynski and Rhombostilbella Zimmermann. Pirozynski (1963) recognized a very broad "neoconcept" for this group, confirming the aseptate condition of the conidia in all genera and considered it a natural group.
Kendrick (1980) postulated that genera in the Beltrania complex must possess at least three of these characters: (i) dark setae; (ii) setae or conidiophores with radially lobed bases; (iii) swollen separating cells; (iv) biconic conidia; (v) conidia with a hyaline equatorial band.
Under this point of view, the genera Hemibeltrania and Rhombostilbella are excluded from the Beltrania complex because each has only one of the needed characteristics; Hemibeltrania spp. have conidiophores with radially lobed bases, and Rhombostilbella spp. have biconic conidia and conidiophores arranged in synnema (Pirozynski 1963, Kendrick 1980).
Some species of the Beltrania-complex recently were collected in Brazil; they are Beltraniella japonica Matsushima, B. portoricensis (Stevens) Pirozysnki & Patil, Beltrania rhombica, Beltraniopsis ramosa Castañeda, Pseudobeltrania cedrelae Hennings (Gusmão & Grandi 1996), Beltraniopsis miconiae Gusmão & Grandi (Gusmão et al 2000), Beltrania malaiensis Wakefield and other previously mentioned species (Gusmão et al 2001). The genera are separable by a single, constant character: the shape of conidia with the hyaline transverse band.
The genus Beltrania was erected by Penzig in 1882 for B. rhombica found on the undersides of Citrus limonum leaves in Italy. This genus contains 11 species (Morelet 2001), each having setae with radially lobed basal cells, separating cells and biconic conidia with hyaline transverse band and apical tubular appendage.
In 1902 P. Hennings proposed the genus Pseudobeltrania for P. cedrelae collected by A. Puttemans on Cedrela fissilis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (Hennings 1902). This genus contains six species that are characterized by absence of setae and separating cells, presence of conidiophores with radially lobed basal cells and biconic conidia with hyaline transverse band.
The genus Beltraniella was proposed by Subramanian in 1956, with the type species, B. odinae collected on dead leaves of Lannea grandis in India (Pirozynski 1963). This genus contains 16 species (Castañeda Ruiz et al 1996), each having radially lobed basal cells on the setae or conidiophores, separating cells and lageniform conidia with the distal end truncate, proximal end rostrate and a hyaline transverse band at the equatorial zone (Pirozynski 1963, Kendrick 1980).
Batista and Bezerra (1960) proposed the genus Beltraniopsis for B. esenbeckiae collected on dead leaves of Esenbeckia macrocarpa in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. This genus has seven species (Gusmão et al 2000), each characterized by presence setiform conidiophore, radially lobed basal cells, separating cells and biconic conidia with distal end rostrate, proximal end obtuse and a hyaline transverse band at the equatorial zone.
Beltraniella porosa Pirozynski & Patil (Pirozynski and Patil 1970) and B. patilii Karandikar & Patwarkhan (Karandikar and Patwarkhan 1992) have several equatorial hyaline pores instead of a continuous band and sterile setae arising from the conidiogenous apparatus. Kendrick (1980) notes concerning B. porosa: "This configuration is unique, and were the fungus not so obviously a member of the Beltrania group, could easily have led to its segregation at the generic level." The presence of the hyaline pores and the origin of sterile setae are adequate for segregation of these species into a new genus.
Two differences were observed between B. porosa and B. patilii; the former species has separating cells and conidiogenous cells proliferating in branched chains, while the latter lacks these features but has conidiogenous cells in verticils and finely verrucose conidia. Characteristics shared by both species are conidia with equatorial pores, sterile setae arising at the conidiogenous apparatus, conidiophores with percurrent conidiogenous cells and lobed basal cells. The new genus Porobeltraniella is proposed to contain these two species.
Fungi Mitosporici, Hyphomycetes, Dematiaceae. Teleomorphosis ignota.
Coloniae effusae, velutinae, griseo-atrae vel fusco-atrae. Mycelium partim superficiale, partim in substrato immersum. Conidiophora setifera, ex cellulis basilaribus, elongatis, oriunda basi lobata radiatim, gregaria, erecta, septata, laevea, pallide olivaceo-brunnea. Cellulae conidiogenae continuae, polyblasticae, ad apicem denticulatae, subhyalinae vel pallido-fuscae. Setae steriles, non-ramosae, septatae, laeves vel verrucosae, acutae, pallido-fuscae. Cellulae separantes praesentes vel absentes, subhyalinae. Conidia continua, basi rostrata, apicem abrupte truncata, turbinata, laevae vel tenue verrucosae, poris subhyalinis supraequatorialibus transversaliter ornata, pallido-luteo-brunnea vel olivaceo-brunnea.
Colonies effused, velvety, grayish-black to brownish-black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immerse in the substrate. Conidiophores setiform, arising from elongated, radially lobed basal cells, erect, septate, smooth, pale olive-brown. Conidiogenous cells continuous, polyblastic, denticulate, subhyalina to pale-brown. Sterile setae unbranched, septate, smooth or verrucose, acute apex, pale brown. Separating cells present or absent subhyaline. Conidia continuous, proximal end rostrate, distal end truncate, turbinate, smooth or finely verrucose, with circular pores near the broadest part, pale yellowish brown to pale brown.
Type species. Porobeltraniella porosa (Pirozynski & Patil) Gusmão
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Beltraniella porosa Pirozynski & Patil, Can J Bot 48: 573. 1970. Conidiophore setiform up to 300 x 4–7 µm. Conidiogenous cells 8–12 x 4.5–7 µm. Sterile setae 60–150 x 3–4 µm. Separating cells 12–14 x 5.5–7.5 µm. Conidia 22–28 x 10–12 µm.
Specimens examined. INDIA. MAHARASHTRA: Poona, on fallen, decaying leaves of Diospyros embryopteris, 28 Nov 1965, S.D. Patil (Holotype: DAOM128105). The description presented by Pirozynski and Patil (1970) is detailed, and personal observations are not included.
Beltraniella patilii Karandikar & Patwarkhan, Mycotaxon 43: 21. 1992. Colonies epiphyllous, velvety, brownish-black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substrate. Conidiophore setiform, arising from elongated, radially lobed basal cells, erect, septate, smooth, pale olive-brown up to 240 x 3–3.5 µm wide at the base. Conidiogenous cells ovoid to ampulliform, continuous, polyblastic, denticulate, solitary or arranged in verticels of 2–5, subhyaline to pale-brown 6–8.5 x 4.5–6 µm. Sterile setae arising terminally from conidiogenous cells, unbranched, septate, smooth, acute apex, pale brown 17–41.5 x 1.5–3 µm. Separating cells absent. Conidia continuous, proximal end rostrate, distal end truncate, turbinate, with circular pores near broadest part, finely verrucose, pale brown 24–34 x 7–8.5 µm.
Specimens examined. INDIA. GOA: Anmode Ghat, on fallen, decaying leaves of Terminalia sp., 4 Nov 1982, K. G. Karandikar (Holotype: AMH6063).
The observation on type material reveals that conidia are finely verrucose (Figs. 4–8), a fact not reported in the original description (Karandikar and Patwarkhan 1992) and now included in the description for Porobeltraniella patilii.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
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FOOTNOTES |
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Accepted for publication July 9, 2003.
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LITERATURE CITED |
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TOPABSTRACTLITERATURE CITED |
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Batista AC, Bezerra JL., 1960 Beltraniopsis—Novo gênero de fungos dematiaceae. Universidade do Recife. Publicação 296:1-11
Castañeda Ruiz RF, Cano J, Guarro J., 1996 Notes on conidial fungi. VII. Two new species of Beltraniella from Cuba. Mycotaxon 58:243-251
Gusmão LFP, Grandi RAP., 1996 Espécies do Grupo Beltrania (Hyphomycetes) associados a folhas de Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae), em Maringá, PR, Brasil. Hoehnea 23:91-102
———, ———, Milanez AI., 2000 A new species of Beltraniopsis from Brazil, with a key to the known species. Mycol Res 104:251-253
———, ———, ———. 2001 Hyphomycetes from leaf litter of Miconia cabussu in the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. Mycotaxon 79:201-213
Hennings P., 1902 Fungi S. Paulenses II. a cl. Puttemans collecti. Hedwigia 41:295-311
Karandikar KG, Patwardhan PG., 1992 Two new Hyphomycetes from India. Mycotaxon 43:21-24
Kendrick B., 1980 The generic concept in Hyphomycetes a reappraisal. Mycotaxon 11:339-364
Morelet M., 2001 Beltrania Penzig: B. magnoliae sp nov., avec clé d'identification des espècies. Cryptogamie, Mycol 22:29-33
Pirozynski KA., 1963 Beltrania and related genera. Mycol Pap 90:1-37
———, Patil SD., 1970 Some setose Hyphomycetes of leaf litter in south India. Can J Bot 48:567-581
Saccardo PA., 1886 Syllogue fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum IV. Padua
———. 1899 Syllogue fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum XIV. Padua
von Höhnel F., 1911 Resultate der Revision von Paul Hennings' Pilzgattungen. Ann Mycol 9:166-175
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