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Mycologia, 99(6), 2007, pp. 895-905.
© 2007 by The Mycological Society of America

New Neotyphodium endophyte species from the grass tribes Stipeae and Meliceae


Christina D. Moon 1

     Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0312

Jean-Jacques Guillaumin
Catherine Ravel

     INRA, UMR 1095, 234 Avenue du Brézet, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France

Chunjie Li

     College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Grassland Argo-Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730020, China

Kelly D. Craven 2
Christopher L. Schardl 3

     Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0312

Several species of Achnatherum (grass tribe Stipeae) and Melica (tribe Meliceae) typically are infected by nonpathogenic, seed-transmissible fungi with characteristics of Neotyphodium species (anamorphic Clavicipitaceae). Molecular phylogenetic studies clearly have distinguished the endophytes from Achnatherum inebrians (from Xinjiang Province, China), A. robustum and A. eminens (both from North America) and indicate that the A. inebrians endophyte comprises a unique nonhybrid lineage within the Epichloë and Neotyphodium phylogeny, whereas the endophytes of A. robustum, and A. eminens are hybrids with multiple Epichloë species (holomorphic Clavicipitaceae) as ancestors. Likewise distinct hybrid origins are indicated for Neotyphodium species from the European Melica species, M. ciliata and M. transsilvanica, the South African species M. decumbens and M. racemosa, and the South American species M. stuckertii. Neotyphodium species have been described from A. inebrians from Gansu Province, China, (N. gansuense), A. eminens (N. chisosum), M. stuckertii (N. tembladerae) and the South African Melica species (N. melicicola). However the endophytes from A. robustum and the European Melica species have not been described and the phylogenetic relationships of N. gansuense have not been investigated. Here we report a comprehensive study of morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of β-tubulin and actin gene sequences on an expanded collection of endophytes from the Stipeae and Meliceae. These data provide a firm foundation for the description of two new Neotyphodium species, N. guerinii from M. ciliata and M. transsilvanica, and N. funkii from A. robustum. We also propose the new variety, N. gansuense var. inebrians for endophytes of A. inebrians from Xinjiang Province, which are morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from, yet clearly related to, N. gansuense from Gansu Province.

Key words: Achnatherum, Clavicipitaceae, epichloë endophytes, evolution, grasses, hybridization, Melica, Poaceae, symbiosis

3 Corresponding author. E-mail: schardl{at}uky.edu






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Copyright © 2007 by The Mycological Society of America.