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Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae

     Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

Cécile Gueidan
Jolanta Miadlikowska
François Lutzoni
Frank Kauff
Valérie Hofstetter
Emily Fraker

     Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708

Conrad L. Schoch

     Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 93133

Leif Tibell

     Department of Systematic Botany, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, Uppsala, Sweden

Wendy A. Untereiner

     Department of Botany, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada R7A 6A9

André Aptroot

     ABL Herbarium, G. v.d. Veenstraat 107, NL-3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands

The class Eurotiomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina) is a monophyletic group comprising two major clades of very different ascomycetous fungi: (i) the subclass Eurotiomycetidae, a clade that contains most of the fungi previously recognized as Plectomycetes because of their mostly enclosed ascomata and prototunicate asci; and (ii) the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae, a group of fungi that produce ascomata with an opening reminiscent of those produced by Dothideomycetes or Sordariomycetes. In this paper we use phylogenetic analyses based on data available from the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project (AFTOL), in addition to sequences in GenBank, to outline this important group of fungi. The Eurotiomycetidae include producers of toxic and useful secondary metabolites, fermentation agents used to make food products and enzymes, xerophiles and psychrophiles, and the important genetics model Aspergillus nidulans. The Chaetothyriomycetidae include the common black yeast fungi, some of which are pathogens of humans and animals, as well as some primarily lichenized groups newly found to be phylogenetically associated with this group. The recently proposed order Mycocaliciales shows a sister relationship with Eurotiomycetes. The great majority of human pathogenic Pezizomycotina are Eurotiomycetes, particularly in Eurotiales, Onygenales and Chaetothyriales. Due to their broad importance in basic research, industry and public health, several genome projects have focused on species in Onygenales and Eurotiales.

Key words: Cleistothecium, industrial fungi, medically important fungi

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