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A five-gene phylogeny of Pezizomycotina

     Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331

François Lutzoni
Valérie Hofstetter
Jolanta Miadlikowska
Valérie Reeb
Cécile Gueidan
Emily Fraker

     Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, North Carolina 27708

Thorsten Lumbsch
Robert Lücking
Imke Schmitt
Kentaro Hosaka

     Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605

André Aptroot

     ABL Herbarium, G.V.D. Veenstraat 107, NL-3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands

Claude Roux

     Chemin des Vignes vieilles, FR - 84120 MIRABEAU, France

Andrew N. Miller

     Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Biodiversity, Champaign, Illinois 61820

David M. Geiser

     Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

Josef Hafellner

     Institut für Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Holteigasse 6, A-8010, Graz, Austria

Geir Hestmark

     Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway

A. Elizabeth Arnold

     Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721

Burkhard Büdel
Alexandra Rauhut

     Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

David Hewitt

     Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Wendy A. Untereiner

     Department of Botany, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada

Mariette S. Cole

     2017 Thure Avenue, St Paul, Minnesota 55116

Christoph Scheidegger

     Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL Zürcherstr. 111CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland

Matthias Schultz

     Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten der Universität Hamburg, Systematik der Pflanzen Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany

Harrie Sipman

     Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany

Conrad L. Schoch

     Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331

Pezizomycotina is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota and includes the vast majority of filamentous, ascoma-producing species. Here we report the results from weighted parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of five nuclear loci (SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA, RPB1, RPB2 and EF-1) from 191 taxa. Nine of the 10 Pezizomycotina classes currently recognized were represented in the sampling. These data strongly supported the monophyly of Pezizomycotina, Arthoniomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Orbiliomycetes and Sordariomycetes. Pezizomycetes and Dothideomycetes also were resolved as monophyletic but not strongly supported by the data. Lecanoromycetes was resolved as paraphyletic in parsimony analyses but monophyletic in maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Leotiomycetes was polyphyletic due to exclusion of Geoglossaceae. The two most basal classes of Pezizomycotina were Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes, both of which comprise species that produce apothecial ascomata. The seven remaining classes formed a monophyletic group that corresponds to Leotiomyceta. Within Leotiomyceta, the supraclass clades of Leotiomycetes s.s. plus Sordariomycetes and Arthoniomycetes plus Dothideomycetes were resolved with moderate support.

Key words: ascoma, Ascomycota, ascus, evolution, fungi, systematics

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