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Hypocrea/Trichoderma: species with conidiophore elongations and green conidia

     Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, 301 Buckhout Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

Lisa A. Castlebury

     U.S.D.A.-A.R.S., Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Room 304, B011A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705

Barrie E. Overton

     Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, 301 Buckhout Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

Gary J. Samuels

     U.S.D.A.-A.R.S., Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Room 304, B011A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705

Species of Trichoderma and Hypocrea that have green conidia and sterile or fertile elongations of their conidiophores are described or redescribed and their phylogenetic position explored. The described species include T. crassum, T. fasciculatum, T. fertile, T. hamatum, T. longipile, T. oblongisporum, T. pubescens, T. spirale, T. strictipile, T. strigosum, T. stromaticum, T. tomentosum, Hypocrea aureoviridis f. macrospora, H. ceramica. and H. semiorbis. Trichoderma fasciculatum originally was described from cultures from ascospores of an unidentified Hypocrea specimen; it is considered to be a synonym of T. strictipile. The remaining species of Trichoderma considered here have not been linked to teleomorphs, and the Trichoderma anamorphs of H. aureoviridis f. macrospora and H. semiorbis have not been named. Five new species of Hypocrea are described, viz. H. cremea, H. cuneispora, H. estonica, H. strictipilosa and H. surrotunda. The phylogenetic relationships of these species were inferred based on partial RPB2 and EF-1 DNA sequence data and phenotypic characteristics, including teleomorph, anamorph, colony and growth rates. Trichoderma crassum was found to be a sister species to T. virens, based on molecular sequences and phenotypic data. Hypocrea surrotunda and H. cremea, H. cuneispora and T. longipile, T. fertile and T. oblongisporum, T. tomentosum and H. atrogelatinosa, and T. hamatum and T. pubescens, respectively, were found to be closely related phylogenetically, based on RPB2 and EF-1 gene genealogies. Anamorph and teleomorph phenotype, including conidiophore elongations, phialide morphology, conidial morphology, stroma anatomy and ascospore morphology are not useful predictors of relationships. Despite the shared phenotypic characters of these Trichoderma and Hypocrea species, they are distributed between two major clades of Trichoderma/Hypocrea. Redescriptions and a key to species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma with green conidia and conidiophore elongations are presented.

Key words: Ascomycetes, Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, molecular phylogenetics, RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2, synanamorphs, systematics, teleomorph-anamorph connection, translation elongation factor EF-1, Trichoderma sect. Pachybasium

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