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DOI: 10.3852/07-194
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Mycologia, 101(5), 2009, pp. 583-591.
© 2009 by The Mycological Society of America

Volatile C8 compounds and pseudomonads influence primordium formation of Agaricus bisporus


Ralph Noble 1
Andreja Dobrovin-Pennington

     Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom

Philip J. Hobbs

     Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, United Kingdom

Jemma Pederby
Alison Rodger

     Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom

Primordium formation of Agaricus bisporus depends on the presence of a casing layer containing stimulatory bacteria and on sufficient air exchange. The influence of specific pseudomonad populations and volatile organic compounds (VOC) on primordium formation of A. bisporus was studied in microcosm cultures. VOC produced by A. bisporus mycelium were predominantly C8 compounds, some of which could inhibit primordium formation, with 1-octen-3-ol being most inhibitory. A VOC produced by the rye grain substrate, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, on which A. bisporus was grown also inhibited primordium formation. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol and 1-octen-3-ol were metabolized by pseudomonad populations and adsorbed by activated charcoal, with both modes of removal enabling primordium formation in the casing. Removal of VOC by ventilation also enabled primordium formation to occur under axenic conditions. The presence of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 1-octen-3-ol in the microcosms resulted in higher total bacterial and pseudomonad populations in the casing. The stimulatory effects of the casing and its microbiota and air exchange on primordium formation of A. bisporus at least partly are due to the removal of inhibitory C8 compounds produced by the mycelium and its substrate. Monitoring and controlling the levels of these inhibitory VOC in mushroom culture should enable primordium formation of A. bisporus to be more efficiently and precisely controlled.

Key words: casing, mushroom, 1-octen-3-ol, Pseudomonas putida, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol

1 Corresponding author. E-mail: ralph.noble{at}warwick.ac.uk






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Copyright © 2009 by The Mycological Society of America.