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DNA phylogeny reveals polyphyly of Phoma section Peyronellaea and multiple taxonomic novelties

     CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands

Johannes de Gruyter

     Plant Protection Service, Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands

Mónica A. Murace
Analía Perelló

     Fitopatología—Protección Forestal, Facultad Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Pcia., Buenos Aires, Argentina

Joyce H.C. Woudenberg
Johannes Z. Groenewald

     CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands

Pedro W. Crous

     CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, the Netherlands

Species of the anamorph genus Phoma are commonly isolated from a wide range of ecological niches. They are notoriously difficult to identify due to the paucity of morphological features and the plasticity of these when cultivated on agar media. Species linked to Phoma section Peyronellaea are typified by the production of dictyochlamydospores and thus have additional characters to use in taxon delineation. However, the taxonomy of this section is still not fully understood. Furthermore the production of such chlamydospores also is known in some other sections of Phoma. DNA sequences were generated from three loci, namely ITS, actin, and β-tubulin, to clarify the phylogeny of Phoma taxa that produce dictyochlamydospores. Results were unable to support section Peyronellaea as a taxonomic entity. Dictyochlamydospore formation appears to be a feature that developed, or was lost, many times during the evolution of Phoma. Furthermore, based on the multigene analyses, five new Phoma species could be delineated while a further five required taxonomic revision to be consistent with the genetic variation observed.

Key words: actin, β-tubulin, coelomycetes, dictyochlamydospores, ITS, multigene phylogeny, taxonomy

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