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Four new species of Emericella from the Mediterranean region of Europe

     University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology Department, Vena pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Jens C. Frisvad

     Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

Nina Gunde-Cimerman

     University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology Department, Vena pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

János Varga
Robert A. Samson ¹

     CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands

Four new species of Emericella, E. discophora, E. filifera, E. olivicola and E. stella-maris, are proposed. Their new taxonomic status was determined applying a polyphasic taxonomic approach using phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profiles) and molecular (sequences of ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin genes) characters. Ascospores of E. stella-maris and E. olivicola have star-shape equatorial crests, those of E. filifera form long appendages that emerge radially from narrow stellate crests and those of E. discophora produce wide and entire, nonstellate equatorial crests. E. stella-maris originated from leaf litter in Tunisia and E. filifera from raisins in Argentina, and both of them also were found in hypersaline water of a saltern in Slovenia. E. olivicola was isolated from olives in Italy and E. discophora from soil in Spain. All listed species possess distinct extrolite profiles: E. stella-maris produced arugosin E, shamixanthone and the yet unelucidated metabolites glia 1–3; E. filifera produced shamixanthone and varitriols; E. discophora produced sterigmatocystin and versicolorins; E. olivicola produced numerous extrolites such as arugosin E, siderin, shamixanthone, sterigmatocystin, terrein, varitriols and aflatoxin B₁, of which the latter was detected only in one of the two strains.

Key words: β-tubulin, calmodulin, extrolites, ITS, polyphasic taxonomy

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