Mycologia
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First published on November 7, 2009, doi:10.3852/09-176

Mycologia 2010;102:311.

DOI: 10.3852/09-176
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© 2009 by The Mycological Society of America

Farnesol induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in the fungal pathogen Penicillium expansum


Pu Liu 1
Li Luo 2
Junhong Guo 2
Huimin Liu 2
Baoquan Wang 2
Boxun Deng 2
Chao-an Long 3,*
Yunjiang Cheng 4

     1 National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, wuhan, hubei, 430070,, China
2 National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, wuhan, hubei
3 huazhong agricultural university, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, wuhan, hubei, 430070, China
4 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of farnesol (FOH) on the growth of P. expansum. The viability of P. expansum cells was determined by counting the colony forming units (CFU), after each FOH treatment. The morphological changes of FOH-treated fungal cells were analyzed by staining with Hoechst 33258, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase fluorescein-12-dUTP nick end labelling), Annexin-V FITC and the oxidant-sensitive probe H2DCFDA (dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate). FOH strongly inhibited the growth of hyphae. The hyphal cells showed the hallmarks of apoptosis including chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, caspases activation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation but without nucleosomal ladder production. The abnormal cellular ultrastructure observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicated that disintegration of cellular ultrastructure (especially for mitochondria) was linked to FOH-induced cell death. Taken together, we demonstrated that FOH inhibits the growth of P. expansum and promotes apoptosis via activation of metacaspases, production of ROS and disintegration of cellular ultrastructure.

Key words: metacaspase, fungi, mitochondria, programmed cell death (PCD), reactive oxygen species (ROS)

* huazhong agricultural university, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, wuhan, hubei, 430070, China postharvest{at}mail.hzau.edu.cn






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Copyright © 2009 by The Mycological Society of America.